How asylum, h&c and trp works
Each of these routes is either discretionary or deadline-driven. Getting your facts down early, accurately and the same way every time matters more than anything else.
Our consultant holds an RCIC-IRB licence, which allows her to represent clients at the Immigration and Refugee Board. You can check licence R708465 on the CICC public register.
Every program in this area
The label on each card shows its status today. Open a guide for the rules, fees and a quick self-check.
Refugee claims
Claiming protection in Canada under the new Bill C-12 rules.
Read the guide02OpenHumanitarian and compassionate
PR on H&C grounds when no other program fits your case.
Read the guide03OpenTemporary Resident Permit
Permission to enter or stay when you are inadmissible.
Read the guideStart from your situation
Side by side
| Route | For | Decided by | Appeal |
|---|---|---|---|
| Refugee claim | Risk of persecution or harm | IRB, if eligible | Refugee Appeal Division in many cases |
| H&C application | People with no other route | IRCC officer | Judicial review only |
| Temporary Resident Permit | Inadmissible people with a need | IRCC or CBSA officer | Judicial review only |
What changed this year
Inadmissibility fees rose. A TRP now costs $246.25.
Bill C-12 received royal assent, bringing in the one-year rule for refugee claims.
IRCC started sending procedural fairness letters to claimants who may be ineligible.
New asylum regulations: one online process for every claim, a 60-day deadline to complete it, and abandonment for missed deadlines.
Questions we get about asylum, h&c and trp
Can an immigration consultant represent me at the IRB?
Yes, if they hold an RCIC-IRB licence. Ours is R708465, which you can check on the CICC register.
What changed for refugee claims in 2026?
Bill C-12 added a one-year limit from first entry to Canada and a 14-day rule for some land crossings from the US.
How long do I have to complete a refugee claim now?
Since November 3, 2026, 60 days from IRCC's Notice of Application Due Date, with one 30-day extension if you ask before the due date.
Official sources
We read these before every update to this page.
Other service areas
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